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A Guide to Drug Testing Methods Drug testing are conducted mainly for one purpose, and that is to determine who the drug users are, whatever method is used. To determine drug usage by an individual, biological specimens are obtained from the body so that this can be analyzed in a laboratory for the presence of the substance. Urine, saliva, sweat, and hair are the usual samples taken from an individual. Here is the procedure for testing the specimen. A sealed container with the specimen inside is sent to the laboratory for analysis. The laboratory checks the submitted sample if the seal is intact and not been tampered. If the seal of the container has been found to be tampered then the specimen is rejected and sent back. Contents of untampered containers will then be subject to testing and analysis.
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Before the actual testing, some specimens have to be made testable. There are some samples that does not undergo this procedure, like urine and saliva, which can be tested in their unaltered, presently existing condition. For the other specimens, however, drugs have to be extracted from the specimen in advance. Prior to testing, specimens are subjected to these forms of preparation.
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A centrifuge is a machine which uses centrifugal force and is the one responsible for separating plasma from blood specimen. If sweat samples are taken, drugs present can be broken up by immersing it in a solvent. When the drug test uses hair specimen, the hair is first washed before breaking down the keratin with enzymes. When the laboratory conducts the drug testing, they do so in two levels. The screening and confirmation tests are the two stages of drug testing. The screening test is used for all samples sent to the laboratory. They use a biochemical test called immunoassay. The concentration of a substance in a biological fluid like urine or serum are measured in this test. To measure the concentration of a substance in the fluid, the antibody’s reaction to its antigen is observed and made use of it. A negative drug content can come out of this test and thus is declared are such. When a specimen comes out positive of drug content, they will be sent to the next level which is the confirmation test. When specimens are screened positive of drug content then they go to the confirmation test. Mass spectrometry, a technical method that determines the composition of molecules in a specimen is used in the confirmation test. Although this test is very expensive, the results that you get are accurate. If the screening test will give a false positive results then it necessarily follows that the confirmation test will be negative. But, a positive result from both tests will be report as positive for drug use.